Respiratory Devices - Aggressive translation of applied research in diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines may yield breakthrough MCMs to mitigate the next influenza pandemic. Building on existing systems for product logistics, as well as advances in technology and regulatory science, can increase access to and use of critical countermeasures to inform response activities. 4. Health Care System Preparedness and Response Activities - Delivery system reform efforts of the past decade have made today’s health care system dramatically different from 2005. The next 10 years will bring even more changes to delivery settings, provider types, reimbursement models, the sharing of electronic health information, referral patterns, business relationships, and expanded individual choice. Despite these changes, health care systems must be prepared to respond to a pandemic, recognizing that potentially large numbers of people with symptoms of influenza, as well as those concerned about the pandemic will present for care. Systems must implement surge strategies so people receive care that is appropriate to their level of need, thereby conserving higher levels of care for those who need them. HHS must keep abreast of these changes and adapt tools and strategies accordingly. 5. Communications and Public Outreach - Communications planning is integral to early and effective messaging when a pandemic threatens, establishes itself, and expands. Accurate, consistent, timely, and actionable communication is enhanced by the use of plain language and accessible formats. Testing messages and using appropriate channels and spokespeople will enhance our ability to deliver consistent and accurate information to multiple audiences. 6. Scientific Infrastructure and Preparedness - A strong scientific infrastructure underpins everything HHS does to prepare for, and respond to, pandemic influenza and other emerging infectious diseases. Strong scientific foundations are needed to develop new vaccines and therapeutics, and to determine how well other control efforts are working. Rigorous scientific methods applied during a pandemic response yield information to improve both ongoing and future responses. 7. Domestic and International Response Policy, Incident Management, and Global Partnerships and Capacity Building - HHS will continue to coordinate both domestic and international pandemic preparedness and response activities. This will include having clearly defined mechanisms for rapid exchange of information, data, reagents and other resources needed domestically and globally, to prepare for and respond to an influenza pandemic outbreak. These domains reflect an end-to-end systems approach to improving the way preparedness and response are integrated across sectors and disciplines, while remaining flexible for the conditions surrounding a specific pandemic. This will allow HHS to respond more quickly to a future influenza pandemic and, at the same time, strengthen our response to seasonal influenza to mitigate the next influenza pandemic. 6