Recommendations and Reports implementation according to pandemic severity (as classified by other workplaces. These guides have been updated, and two new PSAF) (Figure 6) (Tables 9 and 10). After sufficient epidemiologic guides have been developed for public health communicators data are accrued and the refined assessment of pandemic severity and event planners that address NPI communications and becomes available, CDC will issue updated pandemic NPI modification, postponement, or cancellation of mass gatherings. guidance, which will be tailored more precisely to the specific These guides are intended to help operationalize the 2017 update pandemic. Additional information about the planning scenarios and provide specific information that can assist different groups and phasing of NPIs is available (supplementary Chapter 2 https:// in their prepandemic planning and decision-making (https:// stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/44313). www.cdc.gov/nonpharmaceutical-interventions). Supplemental Prepandemic NPI Planning Guides Future Research The 2007 report included supplemental prepandemic NPI planning guides for individuals and families; child care Although progress has been made since 2009 toward building programs, K–12 schools, and institutions of higher education; the evidence base for use of NPIs to slow the spread of pandemic community- and faith-based organizations; and businesses and influenza, additional research is needed. For personal NPIs, FIGURE 6. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services pandemic planning scenarios based on the Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework Moderate High Very high 1918 5 pandemic severity severity severity 4 1968 1957 pandemic pandemic y ansmissibilit 2009 3 pandemic e of tr caled measur S 2 2014–15 Low severity 1 Seasonal 2011–12 range 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Scaled measure of clinical severity Source: Adapted from: Reed C, Biggerstaff M, Finelli L, et al. Novel framework for assessing epidemiologic effects of influenza epidemics and pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis 2013;19:85–91. 20 MMWR / April 21, 2017 / Vol. 66 / No. 1 US Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention